ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES

Understanding the intricacies of electric vehicle (EV) batteries is crucial for potential and current electric vehicle owners. This knowledge helps in making informed decisions and maintaining the battery’s longevity and efficiency.

HELPFUL BATTERY TERMINOLOGY

Lithium-Ion Batteries: The most common type used in electric vehicles, known for their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low weight. Variants include NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) and NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt).
Solid-State Batteries: An emerging technology promising higher energy density and safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. These batteries use a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one.
Battery Capacity (kWh): Measured in kilowatt-hours, it indicates the amount of energy the battery can store. Higher capacity generally means longer range.
State of Charge (SoC): The current level of battery charge, usually expressed as a percentage of the total capacity.

BATTERY DEGRADATION

Factors Affecting Degradation:

Temperature Extremes: Both high and low temperatures can accelerate battery degradation. It’s advisable to keep the vehicle in moderate climates whenever possible.
Charging Practices: Frequent use of DC fast chargers can increase degradation rates. Regularly using Level 2 chargers and maintaining moderate SoC levels can extend battery life.
Driving Habits: Aggressive driving and rapid acceleration can increase battery wear.

Monitoring Degradation: Many electric vehicles come with built-in tools to monitor battery health. Regular checks and professional assessments can help track degradation and address issues early.

BATTERY MAINTENANCE BEST PRACTICES

Optimal Charging Levels: To prolong battery life, avoid regularly charging to 100% or depleting it to 0%. Keeping the SoC between 20% and 80% is generally recommended.
Temperature Management: Park in shaded or climate-controlled areas to protect the battery from extreme temperatures. Some electric vehicles have preconditioning features to warm or cool the battery before driving or charging.
Scheduled Maintenance: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for battery checks and maintenance. Regular software updates can also help optimize battery performance and longevity.